Franco-Prussian War


 * The North German Confederation and its allies defeated France before becoming the German Empire
 * Ems Dispatch sparked it
 * Second French Empire collapsed
 * From Napoleon III 's capture at the Battle of Sedan
 * Misinterpreted conversation between Vincent Benedetti and Wilhelm I on Spanish Succession sparked this war
 * Italy annexed the Papal States without opposition
 * Jules Favre halted negotiations with the Germans until the Treaty of Frankfurt was signed
 * Leon Gambetta left Paris by hot air balloon to become a war minister at Tours